Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology

Haematolymphoid Tumours Karyotypes: A Moroccan Population Retrospective Study from 1992 to 2021

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 07:29:11 +0000

Background: Haematolymphoid tumours are a heterogeneous group of pathologies involving cells of the haematopoietic lineage. Data reported here focus on the results of a descriptive, general, exclusive epidemiological study from a Moroccan population.

Objective: Our research aimed to study the distribution of Haematolymphoid tumours in the regional context in Casablanca. Method: We focused on malignancies diagnosed between January 1992 and December 2021 at the Cytogenetics Department of the Pasteur institute of Morocco. Conventional karyotype analysis was performed on bone marrow samples from patients aged between 1 and 95 years and collected data were analyzed to perform statistical analyzes using SPSS20.0 software.

Results: Of the karyotypes investigated 69.8% (1118/1601) were positive for haematolymphoid tumours. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.68 ± 18.20 years. The most frequent pathologies were myeloid neoplasms, with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in first place at 69.8% (780/1118), followed by acute leukaemias (ALL, AML and ALAL) at 21.4% and myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) at 5.5%. The most recurrent clonal abnormalities were translocations t (9;22) with 74.2% in CML cases. Deletions 12.5% and additions 8% were found in all diseases with mainly trisomy’s 8 and 21 in AML and MDS and deletions in AML and ALAL. An association was also found in 12 cases of AML between t (8;21) translocation and sexual chromosome deletion (X and Y). The proportion of karyotype’s complexity (9.9%) seems to increase with ages.

Conclusions: Haematolymphoid tumours occur at an earlier age in this cohort. Leukaemia represents the most frequent pathologies with a preponderance of chronic diseases, mainly affecting adults.

Improving Cancer Therapy: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Carboplatin-Based Nanoliposomes against Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 07:54:42 +0000

Objective: Cancer poses a significant challenge to modern medicine, with breast carcinoma being one of the most prevalent forms of the disease. Carboplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for treating breast cancer, but its efficacy can be limited due to its poor water solubility and associated side effects. This study intended to enhance the therapeutic potency of carboplatin by encapsulating it within liposomal nanocarriers.

Methods: We fabricated nanoscale liposomes loaded with carboplatin via a technique called reverse phase evaporation, and examined their physical attributes. We also studied the toxicity of these nanoliposomes on MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells.

Results: Our findings indicated that the liposomal nanoparticles possessed a negative zeta potential of -18.2 mV and an average size of 278 nm. The drug loading level was 2.2%, while the efficiency of drug encapsulation reached 58.5%. Of note, the cytotoxicity of carboplatin in its nanoliposomal form was markedly more potent against the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line than the free drug (p-value less than 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that carboplatin-loaded liposomal nanocarriers could potentially serve as an advanced chemotherapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer, offering enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects compared to conventional carboplatin therapy. Further research is warranted to explore this novel delivery system’s benefits fully.

Overexpression of Mammaglobin-A in Primary Breast Tissue Tumor and High Concentration of mRNA Mammaglobin-A in Peripheral Blood as Risk Factors for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Ida Bagus Made Suryawisesa, Ida Bagus Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba (Author) — Mon, 22 Apr 2024 08:17:39 +0000

Objective: There is still limited evidence for the use of biomarkers in breast cancer. However, mammaglobin-A in tissue and blood has recently been found as a promising biomarker for detecting metastases. Therefore, this study will examine the overexpression of mammaglobin-A in primary breast tissue tumors and the elevated concentration of mammaglobin-A messenger RNA (mRNA0 in peripheral blood as potential risk factors for breast cancer metastasis.

Methods: The study was conducted at Sanglah General Hospital in Bali, Indonesia, from July 2017 to March 2018. It employed a hybrid research design, combining both cross-sectional (n = 70) and case-control (metastasis = 20 and non-metastasis = 20) approaches. Peripheral blood samples were collected using specialized L6 tubes and were analyzed for the expression of mammaglobin-A mRNA using quantitative real-time PCR. The diagnosis of breast cancer was established through open biopsy, considered the gold standard. Biopsy specimens underwent histopathological examination and standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis to assess ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 markers. The evaluation of mammaglobin-A protein expression was conducted via IHC at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Prima Medika Hospital.

Result: The mean mammaglobin-A mRNA level in the metastatic group was 11.59±1.37, while in the non-metastatic group was 8.17±1.27-fold change relative to the housekeeping gene beta microglobulin. The mean mammaglobin-A mRNA levels in the two groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Overexpression of mammaglobin-A in cancer tissue was 7.36 times more likely for metastasis compared to non-metastatic (OR = 7.36; 95% CI = 1.34-40.55; p = 0.013). Additionally, mammaglobin-A mRNA concentration was found to be nine times higher for breast cancer metastasis compared to the non-metastatic group (OR = 9.00; 95% CI = 2.15-37.66; p = 0.002).

Conclusion: The mean mammaglobin-A level in the metastatic group significantly differs from that in the non-metastatic group. Overexpression of mammaglobin-A and a high concentration of Mammaglobin-A mRNA are influential risk factors for metastatic breast cancer.

Biomarker Panel for Early Detection in Uterine Cancer: A Review

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 08:55:22 +0000

Uterine cancer is the numerous prevalent cancers of the female reproductive tract in industrialized as well as developing countries and its probability is arising annually. There is a total of approximated 90,000 mortality and 382,000 instances newly cases treated annually globally. The desire to create and define biological markers for the initial stages detection and therapy of uterine cancer is growing. We analyze the current state of biomarker utilization for early detection, including their sensitivity and specificity, paving the way for timely interventions. Several biomarkers, including P53, K-RAS, CA-125, HER2/neu, HE4, PTEN, MSI, ARID1A,Ki-67, microRNAs, DNA aneuploidy, estrogen and progesterone receptors are used for early detection, treatment, and prevention of uterine cancer. Oncogene biomarkers such as VEGF, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and PI3K-AKT- mTOR signalling pathways plays a crucial roles in cancer progression, offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention and prognostic assessment. Prognostic and emerging biomarkers L1CAM, MMR proteins, CTCs shed form primary tumors into the bloodstream, offer insights into tumour dissemination and treatment response. In conclusion, early detection through all biomarkers holds great promise for early diagnosis and treatment advancements, as well as providing hope for better results and a higher standard of living for individuals in future generations. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding of uterine cancer biology and its clinical implications.

A Case of Dynamic Molecular Profile in Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma and the Significance of Multiple-site Testing

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 09:03:02 +0000

Lung adenocarcinomas show intratumoral heterogeneity which has significant impact on the selection of targeted therapy. Multiple molecular sub-clones coexist within an individual tumour which determine recurrence and metastasis formation which is often under-evaluated in a single-site needle biopsy. Our case report demonstrates this intriguing phenomenon and the importance of multiple-site molecular testing to determine the dominant molecular alteration, and initiating the appropriate targeted therapy for better prognosis. Molecular testing from accessible metastatic sites in lung cancer is recommended for a complete assessment of prognosis and therapeutic options in recurrent and metastatic disease.

New Treatments (MSC) in Immune Disorders Like Cancers and Covid Infection: Cancer and Virus New Treatment (MSC )

Mon, 15 Apr 2024 06:32:45 +0000

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and viral infections around the world has had an enormous impact on the global health burden, threatening the lives of many individuals, spatially with underlying disease like cancerous patients and has had severe socio-economic consequences. Many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have commenced intensive research on different therapeutic strategies, from repurposed antiviral drugs to vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent the spread of the disease and treat infected patients. Among the various strategies, advanced therapeutic approaches including cell- and gene-editing-based therapeutics are also being investigated, and initial results in in-vitro and early phase I studies have been promising. However, further assessments are required. This article reviews the underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of, and discusses available therapeutic candidates and advanced modalities that are being evaluated and used for treatment for immune deficient patients in cancers and viruses infected.