Haematolymphoid Tumours Karyotypes: A Moroccan Population Retrospective Study from 1992 to 2021

Authors

  • Somda Georgina Charlène Soro Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco. Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Sara Benchikh Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco. Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Hicham Charoute Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Adil El Hamouchi Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Jamila Aboulfaraj Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Lunda Razoki Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Latifa Zarouf Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Chadli Elbakay Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Lala Laila Rifai Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Rachid Saile Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Halima Lebrazi Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Sanaa Nassereddine Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.

Keywords:

Haematolymphoid tumours – Cytogenetic – Epidemiology – Karyotype – Morocco

Abstract

Background: Haematolymphoid tumours are a heterogeneous group of pathologies involving cells of the haematopoietic lineage. Data reported here focus on the results of a descriptive, general, exclusive epidemiological study from a Moroccan population.

Objective: Our research aimed to study the distribution of Haematolymphoid tumours in the regional context in Casablanca. Method: We focused on malignancies diagnosed between January 1992 and December 2021 at the Cytogenetics Department of the Pasteur institute of Morocco. Conventional karyotype analysis was performed on bone marrow samples from patients aged between 1 and 95 years and collected data were analyzed to perform statistical analyzes using SPSS20.0 software.

Results: Of the karyotypes investigated 69.8% (1118/1601) were positive for haematolymphoid tumours. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.68 ± 18.20 years. The most frequent pathologies were myeloid neoplasms, with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in first place at 69.8% (780/1118), followed by acute leukaemias (ALL, AML and ALAL) at 21.4% and myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) at 5.5%. The most recurrent clonal abnormalities were translocations t (9;22) with 74.2% in CML cases. Deletions 12.5% and additions 8% were found in all diseases with mainly trisomy’s 8 and 21 in AML and MDS and deletions in AML and ALAL. An association was also found in 12 cases of AML between t (8;21) translocation and sexual chromosome deletion (X and Y). The proportion of karyotype’s complexity (9.9%) seems to increase with ages.

Conclusions: Haematolymphoid tumours occur at an earlier age in this cohort. Leukaemia represents the most frequent pathologies with a preponderance of chronic diseases, mainly affecting adults.

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Published

2024-04-22

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Research Articles/ Original Work

License

 West Asia Organization for Cabcer Prevention retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4 (This permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the published work, provided the original work and source are appropriately cited).