Breast Cancer Awareness, Screening Practices, Barriers, and Educational Interventions in Middle Eastern Countries: Challenges and Successes

Abstract

Objective: This review explores breast cancer awareness, knowledge, and screening practices among women in Gulf andMiddle Eastern countries, highlighting disparities and challenges within the region.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify English-language studies (2015 onward) on breast cancer awareness, knowledge, and screening practices among women in Gulf and Middle Eastern countries. Data from eligible studies were independently extracted by two reviewers, and a weighted average formula was applied to synthesize findings, ensuring greater influence from larger sample sizes while minimizing redundancy across countries.

Results: By synthesizing findings from 25 studies, the review identifies significant variations in breast cancer awareness levels, with 30% of populations exhibiting high awareness, 45% moderate awareness, and 25% low awareness. A weighted average analysis reveals gaps between awareness and practices of screening methods: while 75% of women were aware of breast self-examination (BSE), only 45% practiced it; similarly, awareness of mammography stood at 60%, but practice levels were as low as 35%. Key barriers to timely medical help-seeking include emotional (65%), informational (50%), and financial (40%) factors, underscoring the role of cultural stigmas, logistical challenges, and limited healthcare access. Educational interventions demonstrated success in bridging awareness gaps, increasing awareness by 85% and improving help-seeking behavior by 70%. Effective initiatives include school-based health education, digital platforms, and community outreach. However, challenges persist in addressing cultural and psychological barriers and ensuring equitable healthcare access.

Conclusion: Lessons from developed countries emphasize the value of integrated public health campaigns, proactive healthcare engagement, and advanced technology in improving breast cancer outcomes. The review concludes with actionable recommendations to enhance awareness, screening practices, and healthcare systems across the Gulf and Middle East, paving the way for earlier detection and better survival rates.