Niosome-Encapsulated Selenium Nanoparticles: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Overview: This study explores a novel therapeutic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma using selenium nanoparticles encapsulated within niosomal carriers, targeting enhanced stability, cellular uptake, and controlled drug release.

Methods: Selenium nanoparticles were encapsulated into niosomes via thin-film hydration and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay on CAL27 cells after 24 hours, alongside a drug release study conducted under simulated physiological conditions.

Results: The formulated nanoparticles showed an average size of ~180 nm, zeta potential of –25 mV, and low PDI (~0.15), indicating high stability and uniformity. MTT results indicated a 60% decrease in cell viability compared to controls after 24 hours. The drug release exhibited an initial burst (35% release in 6 hours), followed by sustained release reaching ~90% over 48 hours.

Conclusion: Niosome-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles display promising physicochemical characteristics, significant cytotoxic activity, and a controlled release profile, underscoring their potential as an effective therapeutic approach for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate clinical applicability.