The Dual Function of Bacteria in Cancer: Causes and Treatments

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer continues to be a primary cause of death worldwide, with growing evidence linking the microbiome to its development and therapeutic response. The development involves the gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, shaped by the tumor microenvironment and host factors. This study investigates the dual role of bacteria in cancer growth and therapy, emphasizing pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and the rising promise of bacterium-based cancer therapies.

Results: The human microbiome, which comprises bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, plays a crucial role in regulating health and disease, including carcinogenesis, according to mounting data. Dysbiosis has been closely linked to cancer and other illnesses, even though the microbiome normally maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host. Through processes such as immune evasion, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation, some bacteria contribute to cancer development. Interestingly, Helicobacter pylori has been conclusively connected to stomach cancer, which is a significant advancement in our knowledge of infection-related cancers. On the other hand, some bacteria can produce anti-cancer chemicals or specifically colonize tumors, demonstrating protective or therapeutic potential.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the bacteria and cancer as egg and chicken relation one of them leading to another, the bacteria not always leading to cancer also can be use in treatment.